Abul-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ja`far ibn Hamdan al-Quduri al-Baghdadi, the Hanafi jurist, born 362 AH. Al-Quduri is an ascription to the selling of pots (qudur). `Ali al-Daqqaq, from Abu Sahl Musa ibn Nasr al-Razi, from Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani, from Abu Hanifah, from Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, from Ibrahim al-Nakha alSya‟bi dan Hammad bin Abi Sulayman di Kufah, Hasan Basri di Basrah, Atha‟ bin Rabbah di Makkah, Sulayman, dan Salim di Madinah. Dalam kunjungannya yang kedua kali ke Madinah, Abu Hanifah bertemu dengan Muhammad Bagir dari Syi‟ah dan putra Imam Bagir yaitu Ja‟far al-Shiddiq. Beliau mendapatkan banyak ilmu dari ulama ini. Reliabilityof Ibn Abi Umayr's Mursal Early Scholars. Twelver Shi'a scholars have reached consensus that Ibn Abi Umayr is a reliable narrator. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi remarked on the third level of companions of Ijma' (consensus): Twelver Shi'a scholars have reached a consensus, if rijal of a source reliable to one the companions of the third level, the hadith would be accepted as sahih. Bahkandoktrin ulama Kufah itu agak mencerminkan ajaran resmi yang berkembang pada masa Hammad Ibn Abi Sulayman (w. 120/736), yakni seorang ahli hukum Kufah yang pertama doktrinnya dapat kita anggap sepenuhnya otentik, Joseph Schacht, Ibid, hlm 51 15 rujukan pada tokoh sebelumnya yang otoritatif itu kian bertambah. Sebuah keterangan (al-Hadits Vay Tiền Nhanh Chỉ Cần Cmnd Nợ Xấu. Hammad ibn Abi Suleyman Q12208657 From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search Muslim jurist and scholarḤammād b. Abī Sulaymān Ibn Muslim edit Language Label Description Also known as English Hammad ibn Abi Suleyman Muslim jurist and scholar Ḥammād b. Abī Sulaymān Ibn Muslim StatementsIdentifiers Sitelinks Wikipedia3 entries edit Wikibooks0 entries edit Wikiquote0 entries edit Wikisource0 entries edit Wikiversity0 entries edit Wikivoyage0 entries edit Wiktionary0 entries edit Multilingual sites0 entries edit By Shaykh Taha Karaan Regarding Imam Abu Hanifah’s allegedly having studied under Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq, please be informed as follows Imam Abu Hanifah was the pupil and intellectual successor of his mentor, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, who was the successor to Ibrahim an-Nakha’i, who was the successor to his uncle Alqamah ibn Qays an-Nakha’i, who was the successor to Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, who was sent as a teacher to the city Kufah by Amir al-Mu’minin Sayyiduna Umar ibn al-Khattab. This chain of intellectual descent is known to anyone knowledgeable of the legislative history of Islam. In fact, Imam Abu Hanifah held his dicourses at the very same place in the masjid of Kufah where Ibn Mas’ud used to teach. This teaching circle was passed down generation after generation, by the men whose names you have just read From Ibn Mas’ud to Alqamah; from Alqamah to Ibrahim; from Ibrahim to Hammad; and ultimately from Hammad to Abu Hanifah, after whom it was occupied by three of his students successively firstly Zufar ibn Hudhayl; then Abu Yusuf; and then Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. Now, regarding the link between Abu Hanifah and Ja’far as-Sadiq, you need to keep in mind the following Firstly Imam Abu Hanifah was born in the year 80 AH Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq was born in the year 83 AH In other words, not only were they contemporaries; but Abu Hanifah was 3 years older than Ja’far as-Sadiq. Secondly Imam Abu Hanifah’s education took place in Kufah, in the school originally established by Ibn Mas’ud. Like other ulama of his time, he used to go to Hijaz for Hajj, and passing through Madinah, he used to benefit from the knowledge of eminent men of learning, such as the father of Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq, namely Imam Muhammad al-Baqir. Many of the ahadith he narrates from Imam Muhammad al-Baqir are documented in the books of his pupils Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. Thirdly It is true that Imam Abu Hanifah does narrate some ahadith from Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq. But that was according to the habit of the ulama to narrate from even their contemporaries. If that alone is to be taken as evidence that Imam Abu Hanifah “studied” under Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq, then we will be bound to conclude that Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq similarly learnt from people other than his father, such as Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Urwah ibn Zubaur and Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir. Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq has narrated hadith from all of these men, and even others besides them. Tahdhib al-Kamal vol. 5 p. 75 Fourthly In the year 132 the Abbasids came to power, having ousted the Umayyads. Abu Hanifah was then 52 years of age. The Abbasid khalifah Abu Ja’far al-Mansur wanted Abu Hanifah as his chief justice, which post he refused. In order to escape the vengeance of the khalifah, Abu Hanifah betook himself to the Hijaz where he spent the next 2 years. It is in terms of this sojourn in the Hijaz that he is reported to have said, “Were it not for the 2 years, Nu’man Abu Hanifah would have been destroyed”. Creative Shi’i imaginations would have us believe that what he actually meant thereby was that it was during this period that he gained his knowledge at the feet of Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq. The absurdity of this can be seen from the fact that by that time he was already so famous as a man of learning, that he was sought by the khalifah as the chief justice. Apart from that, he was, as already shown, over 50 years of age. Fifthly There is a famous story in circulation about Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq posing certain questions to Imam Abu Hanifah regarding the use of Qiyas analogy. You should be informed that the story appears in this form in Shi’i books such as al-Kafi. In the Sunni literature it appears with significant changes. First of all, the discussion is not between Abu Hanifah and Ja’far as-Sadiq, but between Abu Hanifah and Muhammad al-Baqir. Secondly, the story goes as follows Al-Baqir asks Abu Hanifah if he is the one who is changing the Deen of his al-Baqir’s grandfather Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wasallam through the use of Qiyas. Abu Hanifah denies that he is changing the Deen. In order to demonstrate the falsehood of the rumours, he then goes on his knees in front of Imam al-Baqir and uses the comparison between 1 the share of a man and a woman in the spoils of war; 2 fasting and prayer with regard to a woman in menstruation having to pray in the former and not the latter; 3 urine and semen in respect of the method of purification for either one. After this lucid demonstration of his usage of Qiyas only where there is no textual evidence, and strictly adhering to the authority of text where it exists, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir stands up and kisses Imam Abu Hanifah on his forehead. Manaqib Abi Hanifah by al-Kardari, p. 99 It was only later that the Shi’ah would adapt the story to suit their own particular needs. Al- Imam Al Azam Abu Hanifa's name was Numan. His father's name was Thabit. His grandfather's name was Numan, too. He was the first of the four great imams of the Ahl as-Sunnah. Imam Abu Hanifa was a descendant of a Persian notable, he was born in Kufa in 80 698 He learned Fiqh with the help of Hammad ibn Abi Sulaiman. He enjoyed the companionship of many notables of the Tabiin, and of Imam Jafar as-Sadiq. He memorized innumerable Hadiths. He was brought up so as to become a great judge, but he became an imam Al-madhhab. He had a superior, and amazingly keen intellect. In Al fiqh, he attained an unequalled grade in a short time. He then became very popular all over the world. Imam Abu Hanifa joined his father's business, where he showed scrupulous honesty and fairness. His agent in another country once sold some silk cloth on his behalf but forgot to point out a slight defect to the customers. When Abu Hanifa learnt of this, he was greatly distressed because he had no means of returning the money to the customers. So he immediately ordered the entire proceeds of the sale of the consignment of silk to be distributed to the poor. Abu Hanifa's interest in Islamic jurisprudence was sparked perhaps by chance. While running an errand for his mother, he happened to pass the home of Sha'bi, one of Kufa's most well-known scholars. Sha'bi, mistaking him for a student, asked him whose classes he attended. When Abu Hanifa responded that he did not attend any classes, Sha'bi said, "I see signs of intelligence in you. You should sit in the company of learned men." Taking Sha'bi's advice, Abu Hanifa embarked on a prolific quest for knowledge that would in due course have a profound impact on the history of Islam. Of the most prominent of Abu Hanifa's teachers was Jafar Sadiq, who is regarded by many Islamic scholars as the root of most of Islamic jurisprudence, with a massive influence on Hanafi, Maliki and Shia schools of thought extending well into mainstream Hanbali and Shafi'i thought. Abu Hanifa is quoted by many souces as having said "If it was not for those two years [I spent with Ja'afar as-Sadiq] Numan [Abu Hanifah] would have perished" law laahu sanataan la halaka'n nu'man. Imam Abu Hanifa is also said to have studied Fiqh from Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman and was eventually his successer in teaching Fiqh. Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman himself was the successor to Ibrahim an-Nakha'i, who was the successor to his uncle 'Alqamah ibn Qays an-Nakha'i, a student of 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Islamic law fiqh was systematically studied by his students under his guidance. A number of his devoted and highly intelligent students worked under him for thirty years, and it is their labor which produced the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence. Imam Abu Hanifa was probably the most liberal of the four great Imams of fiqh. The Hanifi fiqh is thus the most flexible and adaptable. He saw Islamic law as an organic growth in which changes would be necessary from time to time as society changed. He advocated the use of reason based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah in the consideration of religious questions. Yazid ibn 'Amr, Governor of Iraq during the time of Marwan ibn Muhammad, the fourteenth and last Umayyad Khalifah, asked Abu Hanifa to become a judge for the law-court of Kufa. But, since he had he refused his offer, for he wanted to devote his time and effort serving Islam, and had not interest in worldly pleasures. He was afraid of not being able to safeguard human rights because of human weaknesses. With a command from Yazid, he was given a whipping, hundred and ten blows to the head. His blessed face and head swelled. The next day, Yazid took the Imam out and oppressed him by repeating his offer. The Imam said, "Let me consult," and obtained permission to leave. He left to Mecca and remained there for five or six years. The 'Abbasid Khalifah Abu Jafar Mansur offered Imam Abu Hanifa to be the chief of the Supreme Court of Appeal in 150 [767 Again the Imam refused, and was put into jail. He was subjected to whipping, ten blows more every following day. When the number of whipping reached one hundred, he attained martyrdom. So many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times before the Imam was actually buried. Abu Sad Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Harizmi, the third Saljuqi Sultan and the son of Sultan Alparslan, had a wonderful dome built over his grave. Afterwards, Ottoman emperors embellished and had his tomb restored several times. Imam Abu Hanifa was the first to compile and classify the Fiqh science, he collected information for each branch of knowledge. He wrote the books Fara'id and Shurut Obligations and Conditions. There are a lot of books describing his wide knowledge on fiqh, and his amazing superiority in piety, God consciousness, mildness and righteousness. The Hanafi Madhhab approach spread far and wide during the time of the Ottoman Empire. It almost became the official Islamic approach of the State. Today, more than half of the Muslims all over the world follow this approach. References It is a well known fact throughout the Muslim world that Imam Abu Hanifah had almost 4000 teachers رحمه الله thought his life time. Some of the most famous teachers include; Imam As-Sha’bi رحمه الله , Imam Hammad ibn Abu Sulayman رحمه الله and Imam Muhammad al-Baqir رحمه الله , Imam Ata ibn Abi rabah رحمه الله and Awn ibn Abd Allah ibn Utbah ibn Masud الله. Imam Hammad ibn Abu Sulayman The following report from al-Khatib’s Tarikh illustrates the importance of the close apprenticeship to a master teacher in order to develop the ability of ijtihad and fiqh. Just as Alqamah and Aswad closely accompanied Ibn Mas’ud and as a consequence acquired his adeptness at fatwa, and Ibrahim al-Nakha’i likewise earned this quality from his close companionship of them, and then Hammad as is clear from the biographical notices on him was the closest and most adept student of Ibrahim, Abu Hanifah gained the quality of faqahah by a close attachment to his shaykh. And, consequently, the group of fuqaha in this chain were the greatest jurists of their times as stated by Imam al-Dhahabi in his Siyar A’lam al-Nubala. Imam Abu Ismail Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman al-Ashari d. 120 was the first and primary teacher of Imam Abu Hanifah. His narrations are found in all six collections of hadith, although in Sahih al-Bukhari they are without chain muallaq. He narrated from the Sahabi Sayyedina Anas ibn Malik d. 93, and from the famous Tabii, Said ibn Jubayr 38-95 H, and others. His primary teacher was Ibrahim al-Nakhai, a major scholar of hadith and fiqh from the Tabiin, who was the most learned regarding the opinions of Abd Allah ibn Masud and his students. Ibn Abi Hatim narrated with his chain from Abd al-Malik ibn Iyas “I asked Ibrahim [al-Nakhai] Who should we ask after you?’ He said Hammad.’” Yahya ibn Main and al-Nasa’i said he is thiqah. Al-Ijli said “Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, a Kufan, trustworthy. He was the greatest jurist from the companions of Ibrahim.” Dawud al-Ta’i said “Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman was generous with food and he was generous with dinars and dirhams.” Tahdhib al-Kamal 7269-79 Al-Dhahabi said under the biography of Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman in Siyar Alam al-Nubala’ “The greatest faqih from the inhabitants of Kufa were Ali and Ibn Mas’ud. The greatest faqihfrom their companions was Alqamah. The greatest faqih from his companions was Ibrahim [al-Nakha’i]. The greatest faqih from the companions of Ibrahim was Hammad [ibn Abi Sulayman]. The greatest faqih from the companions of Hammad was Abu Hanifah. The greatest faqih from his companions was Abu Yusuf. The companions of Abu Yusuf spread to the furthest regions, and the greatest faqih from them is Muhammad [ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani]. The greatest faqih from the companions of Muhammad is Muhammad Abu Abd Allah al-Shafi’i. Allah Exalted is He have mercy on them all.” Siyar A’lam al-Nubala 5236 Imam Ata ibn Abi Rabah Ata ibn Abi Rabah was a great teacher of Imam Abu Hanifah’s and he has many narrations found in all six of the famous collections of hadith. He met 200 companions of the Prophet peace and blessings be upon him, and he would issue fatwa in the presence of the Noble companions, such that Ibn Abbas RA would say “O people of Makkah! Do you gather your questions to me, when Ibn Abi Rabah is amongst you?!” Tahdhib al-Kamal 2069-86 The two reports of Abu Hanifah reporting from him in the Musannaf are in the form of fatwas which he took from him. In the first, Abu Hanifah asked Ata’ about an illegitimately born man leading the people in prayer, and he replied “There is no harm in it – is there not from amongst them those who pray and fast more than us?” This indicates that Imam Abu Hanifah took both fiqh and hadith an example was given in the previous post from Ata’ ibn Abi Rabah. Imam Awn ibn Abd Allah Awn ibn Abd Allah ibn Utbah ibn Masud al-Kufi al-Zahid was the grandson of the Sahabi Utbah ibn Masud ra, and he is a narrator found in the six collections of hadith besides Sahih al-Bukhari. He was a Tabii who narrated from a number of the younger companions. Al-Ijli, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Yahya ibn Main, Ibn Sad and al-Nasa’i said he is thiqah. Awn ibn Abd Allah said he prayed behind Abu Hurayrah d. 59 situating his birth around the middle of the first century. He was known as an ascetic who would frequently remember the afterlife and weep. Musa ibn Abi Isa narrated that when Awn would narrate to them, his beard would become wet with tears. Maslamah ibn Jafar narrated that Awn would say “May I be destroyed! How can I become heedless of my soul while the Angel of Death is not heedless of my soul?! May I be destroyed! How can I claim I have my intellect while I put to waste my share of the afterlife?! May I be destroyed! May I be destroyed! Nay, woe to me! Woe to me! Destruction is inevitable for me if I die proceeding upon the disobedience of my Lord.” Then he would cry until his beard became wet with tears. At his death, he distributed all his properties to the poor. It was reported from Awn that he said “Those before us would assign for their worldly life whatever was left over from their afterlife, while you assign for your afterlife whatever is left over from your worldly life.” He also said “I don’t think a person looks at the faults of men but from a heedlessness which has made him to forget himself.” Tahdhib al-Kamal 22453-61 Imam Muhammad al-Baqir

hammad ibn abi sulayman